Database administrator: job description
Database administrators are responsible for accurately and securely using, maintaining and developing computerised databases within a wide range of public and private sector organisations.
Any organisation that stores large amounts of information and data may employ a database administrator.
What does a database administrator do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training | Key skills
Any organisation that keeps information stored on computerised databases may employ a database administrator. Database administrators design, write and take care of computer database systems so that the right person can get the right information at the right time. They work with database software to find ways to store, organise and manage data. They identify user needs, set up computer databases and test systems ensuring that they perform as they should. Data integrity, backup, security and troubleshooting are critical parts of the database administrator's job. Responsibilities of the job vary according to employment sector, but typically comprise:
Typical employers of database administrators
Qualifications and training requiredAny degree is acceptable for entry into the profession, although a qualification in a relevant subject such as operational research, mathematics, electronics, computer studies or software/computer engineering can be advantageous. For graduates without relevant qualifications or experience, a postgraduate computing/IT qualification is beneficial.
Key skills for database administratorsCandidates must be patient, meticulous and logical in their work and capable of prioritising tasks. Good problem solving, analytical, administrative, organisational, communication and interpersonal skills are also important.
Familiarity with computer operating systems and database technology (design, software and structure) is essential. Technical expertise and previous computer industry work experience is often necessary.
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Information scientist: job description
Information scientists are responsible for managing the acquisition, supply and distribution of information within an organisation or section of an organisation and for making that information accessible to users.
An accredited degree is usually needed for entry into this profession.
What does an information scientist do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training | Key skills
Information scientists typically work across the breadth of a company. A lot of their time will be spent communicating with colleagues or carrying out research in archives of documents.
Key duties of the job include:
Qualifications and training requiredAn undergraduate degree or postgraduate qualification in information science/management or librarianship accredited by the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals is usually required for entry into the profession. Specialist knowledge may also be needed for some vacancies.
At least one year of relevant experience is often necessary prior to postgraduate study. This can be gained by working as a library/information assistant, or via a graduate training scheme.
Key skills for information scientists
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Geographical information systems manager: job description
Geographical information systems (GIS) managers are responsible for the day-to-day supervision of teams of IT experts that produce geographical data using specialist computer systems.
Geographical information systems are computer systems used to analyse spatial and geographical data.
What does a GIS manager do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training |Key skills
Geographical information systems combine social, economic and topographical data that is used for a variety of purposes including flood defence planning, healthcare, road traffic management, market research etc.
Responsibilities of the job vary, but typically comprise:
Typical employers of geographical information systems managers. Most geographical information systems (GIS) managers work for:
Initial professional positions can be difficult to secure, so networking and speculative applications are worthwhile. The Association for Geographic Information Systems’ corporate online member search is a useful source of contact information.
Qualifications and training requiredMost entrants have relevant qualifications in subjects such as business/management sciences, engineering, geography, GIS, cartography, surveying, geology, computer science/studies, town planning, information technology or software/computer engineering. Gaining a postgraduate GIS qualification is advantageous, particularly for graduates without relevant qualifications and/or experience.
Graduates often enter the industry in GIS technician roles and work up to management positions with several years’ experience. Alternatively, graduates can build up experience in project management, team leadership or computer operations before entering the industry directly in a management role.
Key skills for geographical information systems managersEmployers look for candidates with strong problem solving, project management, analytical, organisational, time management, interpersonal, leadership and communication skills.
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Systems analyst: job description
Systems analysts are responsible for the complete life-cycle of a new/modified IT system, from analysing existing arrangements to implementing systems and providing training.
Employers often require candidates to meet high standards in programming aptitude tests.
What does a systems analyst do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training| Key skills
The skills of systems analysts are called upon when operational problems are encountered with IT systems. Typical duties include:
Typical employers of systems analysts
Jobs are advertised online, by careers services and recruitment agencies, and in local/national newspapers and specialist publications including Computing and TARGETjobs IT & Technology.
Qualifications and training requiredGraduates with a technical degree background (physics, mathematics, computating or software engineering) are preferred.
Arts and humanities graduates (with 2.1 degrees) should be able to demonstrate their interest in computers and IT, and a postgraduate IT conversion course can be useful. Employers often require candidates to meet high standards in programming aptitude tests.
Key skills for systems analysts
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Systems programmer: job description
Systems programmers produce, install and implement new and modified computer systems, networks and related operating software.
A good career choice if you enjoy finding and fixing problems.
What does a systems programmer do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training | Key skills
This role is usually very technical. A systems programmer tests both hardware and software systems and finds and resolves problems.
Responsibilities of the job include:
Typical employers of systems programmersMost systems programmers are employed by computer manufacturers and systems software houses. Self-employment via contract and consultancy work is increasingly common for programmers with relevant experience.
Jobs are advertised online, by careers services and recruitment agencies, and in local or national newspapers and relevant publications such as TARGETjobs IT and Technology, Computing and Computer Weekly as well as their online equivalents.
Qualifications and training requiredEmployers normally prefer graduates with degrees in appropriate subjects such as physics, mathematics, computer science/engineering and microelectronics. You will need a thorough understanding of computer languages. For graduates without relevant qualifications, a postgraduate IT conversion course or a technical postgraduate degree can be of benefit. Relevant work experience is also often necessary.
Key skills for systems programmers
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Web designer: job description
Web designers plan, create and code internet sites and web pages, many of which combine text with sounds, pictures, graphics and video-clips.
Experienced web designers with a strong portfolio can often work on a freelance basis.
What does a web designer do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training |Key skills
A web designer is responsible for creating a site or pages, this includes the design, layout and coding, this can mean working on a brand new website or updating an already existing site.
Responsibilities of the job include:
Typical employers of web designers
Qualifications and training requiredA degree in any subject is acceptable for entry into the profession, although employers may seek graduates with relevant IT, computer science or engineering qualifications. Generally, computing experience or a postgraduate IT conversion course (for graduates without relevant degrees) can be useful. It is essential to provide employers with links to/sample demonstrations of web pages that you have produced.
Key skills for web designers
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Technical author: job description
Technical authors write scientific and technical information for a variety of products including web pages, printed documents and computerised help files.
Employers look for evidence of an authoritative, clear and concise writing style, so it is vital to have a well-written CV.
What does a technical author do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training| Key skills
Technical authors are responsible for writing specialist articles and user guides for a range of products – usually these documents should be user-friendly and aimed at the consumer, for example the instruction manual for a DVD player. Often the information is of a very technical nature so a thorough understanding of the subject matter is essential.
Technical authors are responsible for:
Vacancies are advertised online, by TARGETjobs, by careers services and specialist recruitment agencies, in newspapers and relevant publications such as New Scientist, Computing, Computer Weekly and ISTC Communicator as well as their online equivalents. Self-employment and freelance work are possible for individuals with several years' relevant experience.
Qualifications and training requiredAny degree discipline is acceptable, although scientific, computing, technical or engineering qualifications may be required for some positions. Previous relevant experience is not necessary, although any experience gained from published articles, freelance work or writing competitions may be helpful, particularly for mature candidates.
Key skills for technical authors
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Applications programmer: job description
Applications programmers are responsible for designing and modifying computer applications. They are also required to implement their systems and to offer training and support.
Applications programming is a good base for a career in systems analysis. Many graduates begin their careers as programmers and move into analysis once they have gained some experience.
What does an applications programmer do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training | Key skills
Applications programmers write code for software applications. For larger applications, programmers may work in a team to complete different aspects of the system. Other tasks may include:
Typical employers of applications programmers
Qualifications and training requiredAlthough training is normally provided to newly employed graduates, computer literacy and familiarity with programming languages and general software is essential. Consequently, employers normally prefer graduates with a degree in an appropriate subject such as physics, engineering, mathematics, computer science or software engineering. For graduates without a relevant qualification, a postgraduate IT conversion course can be of benefit. Alternatively there are many part-time programming and computing courses available. Relevant work experience can also be advantageous.
Key skills for applications programmers
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Database administrator: job description
Database administrators are responsible for accurately and securely using, maintaining and developing computerised databases within a wide range of public and private sector organisations.
Any organisation that stores large amounts of information and data may employ a database administrator.
What does a database administrator do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training | Key skills
Any organisation that keeps information stored on computerised databases may employ a database administrator. Database administrators design, write and take care of computer database systems so that the right person can get the right information at the right time. They work with database software to find ways to store, organise and manage data. They identify user needs, set up computer databases and test systems ensuring that they perform as they should. Data integrity, backup, security and troubleshooting are critical parts of the database administrator's job. Responsibilities of the job vary according to employment sector, but typically comprise:
Typical employers of database administrators
Qualifications and training requiredAny degree is acceptable for entry into the profession, although a qualification in a relevant subject such as operational research, mathematics, electronics, computer studies or software/computer engineering can be advantageous. For graduates without relevant qualifications or experience, a postgraduate computing/IT qualification is beneficial.
Key skills for database administrators
Candidates must be patient, meticulous and logical in their work and capable of prioritising tasks. Good problem solving, analytical, administrative, organisational, communication and interpersonal skills are also important.
Familiarity with computer operating systems and database technology (design, software and structure) is essential. Technical expertise and previous computer industry work experience is often necessary.
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Computer sales support: job description
Computer sales support staff provide pre-sales and after-sales technical advice and support about computer systems to customers.
Application tip: Relevant experience gained in any commercial/sales area involving contact with customers or the general public is advantageous.
What does a computer sales support worker do? Typical employers |Qualifications and training | Key skills
Computer sales support staff are the key point of contact between an IT organisation and its clients. They are responsible for answering queries, providing technical advice and introducing new products. They are employed by computer manufacturers, software/systems houses, IT consultancies, IT services organisations, computer suppliers and IT solutions providers.Typical tasks include:
Jobs are advertised via the internet, by careers services and recruitment agencies, and in newspapers and relevant publications such as TARGETjobs IT & Technology, IS Opportunities, Computing and Computer Weekly. It is also worth attending on-campus presentations given by IT and technology employers and applying early for advertised positions during the first term of your final year at university.
Qualifications and training requiredAlthough a degree in any subject is acceptable for entry into the profession, employers normally prefer graduates with relevant qualifications in computer science/engineering, physics, electronic engineering, mathematics and software engineering. For graduates without relevant qualifications and/or experience, a postgraduate IT qualification can be of benefit.
Relevant experience gained in any commercial/sales area involving contact with customers or the general public is advantageous.
Key skills for computer sales supportStrong technical, organisational, communication and sales skills are essential. Potential recruits should possess commercial awareness and excellent interpersonal skills. All candidates must be meticulous and logical in their work and capable of meeting high standards in programming aptitude tests.
Next: search graduate jobs and internships
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Network administrator: job description
Network administrators connect different devices together to form fast and efficient networks. They are responsible for maintaining the links and solving any problems that may occur with computer networks.
Size ranges from local area networks (LANs) linking a few PCs through a server in a small office, to wide area networks (WANs) connecting hundreds of workstations across several sites.
What does a network administrator do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training | Key skills
Typical requirements of the job include:
Qualifications and training requiredNetwork administrators will need to understand how to connect devices to form a fast and efficient network. It helps if you have experience of networks running on specific network operating systems. There are a number of valuable qualifications such as Microsoft certified system engineer (MCSE) status or Cisco certified internetwork expert (CCIE).
Key skills for network administrators
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Information technology/software trainers: job description
IT and software trainers teach desktop applications and software to a range of clients, from business people to the unemployed.
IT and software trainers may work for large private employers, universities or specialist IT training organisations.
What do IT and software trainers do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training | Key skills
Responsibilities of the job vary according to the type of employer and how it makes use of IT. Typical duties include:
Typical employers of IT and software trainers
Opportunities are advertised online, by careers services and recruitment agencies, in newspapers and professional journals includingComputing and Computing Weekly, as well as their online counterparts. Speculative applications are advisable. Further information is available in the TARGETjobs IT & Technology publication.
Qualifications and training requiredEmployers may prefer graduates with qualifications in computing, IT-related subjects, business studies and management. Previous relevant computing, software or training experience is normally essential, although personality and aptitude may be regarded as being equally important. Teaching and training qualifications can also be advantageous.
Candidates without a relevant degree may consider postgraduate study or gaining on of the many computing qualifications available, such as the European Computer Driving Licence or the Microsoft Office Specialist certification.
Key skills
Database administrators are responsible for accurately and securely using, maintaining and developing computerised databases within a wide range of public and private sector organisations.
Any organisation that stores large amounts of information and data may employ a database administrator.
What does a database administrator do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training | Key skills
Any organisation that keeps information stored on computerised databases may employ a database administrator. Database administrators design, write and take care of computer database systems so that the right person can get the right information at the right time. They work with database software to find ways to store, organise and manage data. They identify user needs, set up computer databases and test systems ensuring that they perform as they should. Data integrity, backup, security and troubleshooting are critical parts of the database administrator's job. Responsibilities of the job vary according to employment sector, but typically comprise:
- keeping databases up to date
- helping with database design and development
- managing database access
- designing maintenance procedures and putting them into operation
- ensuring that databases meet user requirements
- liaising with programmers, applications/operational staff, IT project managers and other technical staff
- managing database security/integrity and backup procedures
- implementing security measures
- defining objectives through consultation with staff at all levels
- writing reports, documentation and operating manuals
- testing and modifying databases to ensure that they operate reliably
- providing user training, support and feedback
- writing disaster recovery plans
- archiving data
Typical employers of database administrators
- Financial organisations
- IT companies
- Management consultancy firms
- Software houses
- Universities and academic institutions
- Hospitals
- Local authorities
- Central government
- Charities
- Any organisation that stores large amounts of information and data
Qualifications and training requiredAny degree is acceptable for entry into the profession, although a qualification in a relevant subject such as operational research, mathematics, electronics, computer studies or software/computer engineering can be advantageous. For graduates without relevant qualifications or experience, a postgraduate computing/IT qualification is beneficial.
Key skills for database administratorsCandidates must be patient, meticulous and logical in their work and capable of prioritising tasks. Good problem solving, analytical, administrative, organisational, communication and interpersonal skills are also important.
Familiarity with computer operating systems and database technology (design, software and structure) is essential. Technical expertise and previous computer industry work experience is often necessary.
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Information scientist: job description
Information scientists are responsible for managing the acquisition, supply and distribution of information within an organisation or section of an organisation and for making that information accessible to users.
An accredited degree is usually needed for entry into this profession.
What does an information scientist do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training | Key skills
Information scientists typically work across the breadth of a company. A lot of their time will be spent communicating with colleagues or carrying out research in archives of documents.
Key duties of the job include:
- evaluating, organising, classifying, managing and distributing information in a variety of formats
- answering Freedom of Information (FOI) requests
- carrying out audits, inquiries and internal commissions
- answering enquiries
- maintaining statistical and financial records
- writing reports
- using specialist computer applications
- searching for and retrieving information from the internet and online databases
- promoting and marketing services
- Private and public sector organisations
- Public libraries and information services
- Government departments
- Professional associations
- Research establishments
- Charities
- Academic or school libraries
- Commercial organisations
Qualifications and training requiredAn undergraduate degree or postgraduate qualification in information science/management or librarianship accredited by the Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals is usually required for entry into the profession. Specialist knowledge may also be needed for some vacancies.
At least one year of relevant experience is often necessary prior to postgraduate study. This can be gained by working as a library/information assistant, or via a graduate training scheme.
Key skills for information scientists
- Motivation
- Excellent research skills
- Organisation
- Teamworking
- Verbal and written communication
- Interpersonal skills
- Computer skills
- Proficiency with databases and the internet
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Geographical information systems manager: job description
Geographical information systems (GIS) managers are responsible for the day-to-day supervision of teams of IT experts that produce geographical data using specialist computer systems.
Geographical information systems are computer systems used to analyse spatial and geographical data.
What does a GIS manager do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training |Key skills
Geographical information systems combine social, economic and topographical data that is used for a variety of purposes including flood defence planning, healthcare, road traffic management, market research etc.
Responsibilities of the job vary, but typically comprise:
- supervising a team of staff including programmers, cartographers, data managers, analysts, support specialists etc
- managing budgets and project costs
- consulting clients to ascertain project purpose, needs, information required etc
- recruiting and training staff
- negotiating contracts
- managing the development of GIS software packages
- evaluating the functionality of systems
- keeping up-to-date with new technology
- making sure that projects keep to pre-determined deadlines
- investigating new GIS applications
Typical employers of geographical information systems managers. Most geographical information systems (GIS) managers work for:
- specialist software development companies and consultancies
- utilities companies
- telecommunications companies
- insurance companies
- local/police authorities
- emergency services
- government departments (such as HM Land Registry)
- motor vehicle rescue services
Initial professional positions can be difficult to secure, so networking and speculative applications are worthwhile. The Association for Geographic Information Systems’ corporate online member search is a useful source of contact information.
Qualifications and training requiredMost entrants have relevant qualifications in subjects such as business/management sciences, engineering, geography, GIS, cartography, surveying, geology, computer science/studies, town planning, information technology or software/computer engineering. Gaining a postgraduate GIS qualification is advantageous, particularly for graduates without relevant qualifications and/or experience.
Graduates often enter the industry in GIS technician roles and work up to management positions with several years’ experience. Alternatively, graduates can build up experience in project management, team leadership or computer operations before entering the industry directly in a management role.
Key skills for geographical information systems managersEmployers look for candidates with strong problem solving, project management, analytical, organisational, time management, interpersonal, leadership and communication skills.
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Systems analyst: job description
Systems analysts are responsible for the complete life-cycle of a new/modified IT system, from analysing existing arrangements to implementing systems and providing training.
Employers often require candidates to meet high standards in programming aptitude tests.
What does a systems analyst do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training| Key skills
The skills of systems analysts are called upon when operational problems are encountered with IT systems. Typical duties include:
- examining current systems
- talking to users (requirements gathering)
- producing specifications for new or modified systems
- liaising with other IT staff such as programmers to produce new systems
- implementing new systems
Typical employers of systems analysts
- IT or software consultancy firms
- Commercial and industrial organisations
- The Civil Service
- Retailers
- Service industries
- Financial institutions
Jobs are advertised online, by careers services and recruitment agencies, and in local/national newspapers and specialist publications including Computing and TARGETjobs IT & Technology.
Qualifications and training requiredGraduates with a technical degree background (physics, mathematics, computating or software engineering) are preferred.
Arts and humanities graduates (with 2.1 degrees) should be able to demonstrate their interest in computers and IT, and a postgraduate IT conversion course can be useful. Employers often require candidates to meet high standards in programming aptitude tests.
Key skills for systems analysts
- Strong analysis skills
- Attention to detail
- Teamworking skills
- Written and verbal communication skills
- Interpersonal skills
- Flexibility
- Adaptability
- Initiative
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Systems programmer: job description
Systems programmers produce, install and implement new and modified computer systems, networks and related operating software.
A good career choice if you enjoy finding and fixing problems.
What does a systems programmer do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training | Key skills
This role is usually very technical. A systems programmer tests both hardware and software systems and finds and resolves problems.
Responsibilities of the job include:
- researching and examining current systems and consulting users
- liaising with colleagues such as systems analysts and designers
- writing software and operating manuals
- training users
- providing support and responding to feedback
- testing and modifying systems to ensure that they operate reliably
- fault finding and fixing
Typical employers of systems programmersMost systems programmers are employed by computer manufacturers and systems software houses. Self-employment via contract and consultancy work is increasingly common for programmers with relevant experience.
Jobs are advertised online, by careers services and recruitment agencies, and in local or national newspapers and relevant publications such as TARGETjobs IT and Technology, Computing and Computer Weekly as well as their online equivalents.
Qualifications and training requiredEmployers normally prefer graduates with degrees in appropriate subjects such as physics, mathematics, computer science/engineering and microelectronics. You will need a thorough understanding of computer languages. For graduates without relevant qualifications, a postgraduate IT conversion course or a technical postgraduate degree can be of benefit. Relevant work experience is also often necessary.
Key skills for systems programmers
- Resourcefulness
- Meticulous attention to detail
- Logical thinking
- Good analytical skills
- Problem solving skills
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Web designer: job description
Web designers plan, create and code internet sites and web pages, many of which combine text with sounds, pictures, graphics and video-clips.
Experienced web designers with a strong portfolio can often work on a freelance basis.
What does a web designer do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training |Key skills
A web designer is responsible for creating a site or pages, this includes the design, layout and coding, this can mean working on a brand new website or updating an already existing site.
Responsibilities of the job include:
- creating web site designs
- producing sample sites
- meeting with clients to discuss requirements and/or project progress
- demonstrating and receiving feedback about draft sites
- keeping up-to-date with recent technological and software developments
- developing skills and expertise in appropriate software/programming languages including html, Javascript and others
- producing products that are user-friendly, effective and appealing
- working as part of a multi-disciplinary team
Typical employers of web designers
- Software companies
- IT consultancies
- Specialist web design companies
- Large corporate organisations
- Any organisation that uses computer systems.
Qualifications and training requiredA degree in any subject is acceptable for entry into the profession, although employers may seek graduates with relevant IT, computer science or engineering qualifications. Generally, computing experience or a postgraduate IT conversion course (for graduates without relevant degrees) can be useful. It is essential to provide employers with links to/sample demonstrations of web pages that you have produced.
Key skills for web designers
- Imagination
- Creativity
- Patience
- Attention to detail
- Analytical skills
- Communication skills
- Technical ability
- Excellent IT skills
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Technical author: job description
Technical authors write scientific and technical information for a variety of products including web pages, printed documents and computerised help files.
Employers look for evidence of an authoritative, clear and concise writing style, so it is vital to have a well-written CV.
What does a technical author do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training| Key skills
Technical authors are responsible for writing specialist articles and user guides for a range of products – usually these documents should be user-friendly and aimed at the consumer, for example the instruction manual for a DVD player. Often the information is of a very technical nature so a thorough understanding of the subject matter is essential.
Technical authors are responsible for:
- writing, editing and proofreading text
- collating and verifying information
- creating and editing pictures and diagrams
- liaising with other staff such as printers, photographers and translators
- producing indexes and catalogues
- Telecommunications companies
- Engineering companies
- Computer hardware and software companies
- Technical publishers
- Manufacturers of technical equipment
- The Civil Service
- The Ministry of Defence
- Local authorities
Vacancies are advertised online, by TARGETjobs, by careers services and specialist recruitment agencies, in newspapers and relevant publications such as New Scientist, Computing, Computer Weekly and ISTC Communicator as well as their online equivalents. Self-employment and freelance work are possible for individuals with several years' relevant experience.
Qualifications and training requiredAny degree discipline is acceptable, although scientific, computing, technical or engineering qualifications may be required for some positions. Previous relevant experience is not necessary, although any experience gained from published articles, freelance work or writing competitions may be helpful, particularly for mature candidates.
Key skills for technical authors
- Eye for detail
- Technical knowledge
- Sense of narrative
- Ability to articulate meaning
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Applications programmer: job description
Applications programmers are responsible for designing and modifying computer applications. They are also required to implement their systems and to offer training and support.
Applications programming is a good base for a career in systems analysis. Many graduates begin their careers as programmers and move into analysis once they have gained some experience.
What does an applications programmer do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training | Key skills
Applications programmers write code for software applications. For larger applications, programmers may work in a team to complete different aspects of the system. Other tasks may include:
- researching and examining current systems
- talking to users to find out their requirements
- agreeing proposals
- writing software and operating manuals
- product testing
- making appropriate modifications
Typical employers of applications programmers
- telecommunications companies
- engineering companies
- computer companies
- service industries
- information technology or software consultancy firms
- commercial and industrial organisations
- the Civil Service
- financial institutions
Qualifications and training requiredAlthough training is normally provided to newly employed graduates, computer literacy and familiarity with programming languages and general software is essential. Consequently, employers normally prefer graduates with a degree in an appropriate subject such as physics, engineering, mathematics, computer science or software engineering. For graduates without a relevant qualification, a postgraduate IT conversion course can be of benefit. Alternatively there are many part-time programming and computing courses available. Relevant work experience can also be advantageous.
Key skills for applications programmers
- Competent in more than one programming language (eg C, C++, Java)
- A meticulous and logical mind
- Teamworking
- Ability to understand clients' needs
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Database administrator: job description
Database administrators are responsible for accurately and securely using, maintaining and developing computerised databases within a wide range of public and private sector organisations.
Any organisation that stores large amounts of information and data may employ a database administrator.
What does a database administrator do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training | Key skills
Any organisation that keeps information stored on computerised databases may employ a database administrator. Database administrators design, write and take care of computer database systems so that the right person can get the right information at the right time. They work with database software to find ways to store, organise and manage data. They identify user needs, set up computer databases and test systems ensuring that they perform as they should. Data integrity, backup, security and troubleshooting are critical parts of the database administrator's job. Responsibilities of the job vary according to employment sector, but typically comprise:
- keeping databases up to date
- helping with database design and development
- managing database access
- designing maintenance procedures and putting them into operation
- ensuring that databases meet user requirements
- liaising with programmers, applications/operational staff, IT project managers and other technical staff
- managing database security/integrity and backup procedures
- implementing security measures
- defining objectives through consultation with staff at all levels
- writing reports, documentation and operating manuals
- testing and modifying databases to ensure that they operate reliably
- providing user training, support and feedback
- writing disaster recovery plans
- archiving data
Typical employers of database administrators
- Financial organisations
- IT companies
- Management consultancy firms
- Software houses
- Universities and academic institutions
- Hospitals
- Local authorities
- Central government
- Charities
- Any organisation that stores large amounts of information and data
Qualifications and training requiredAny degree is acceptable for entry into the profession, although a qualification in a relevant subject such as operational research, mathematics, electronics, computer studies or software/computer engineering can be advantageous. For graduates without relevant qualifications or experience, a postgraduate computing/IT qualification is beneficial.
Key skills for database administrators
Candidates must be patient, meticulous and logical in their work and capable of prioritising tasks. Good problem solving, analytical, administrative, organisational, communication and interpersonal skills are also important.
Familiarity with computer operating systems and database technology (design, software and structure) is essential. Technical expertise and previous computer industry work experience is often necessary.
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Computer sales support: job description
Computer sales support staff provide pre-sales and after-sales technical advice and support about computer systems to customers.
Application tip: Relevant experience gained in any commercial/sales area involving contact with customers or the general public is advantageous.
What does a computer sales support worker do? Typical employers |Qualifications and training | Key skills
Computer sales support staff are the key point of contact between an IT organisation and its clients. They are responsible for answering queries, providing technical advice and introducing new products. They are employed by computer manufacturers, software/systems houses, IT consultancies, IT services organisations, computer suppliers and IT solutions providers.Typical tasks include:
- attracting new business
- organising sales visits
- entertaining clients
- negotiating contracts
- undertaking relevant research
- maintaining records
- giving demonstrations
- making presentations
- attending trade exhibitions, conferences and meetings
- preparing tenders and proposals
- reviewing sales performance
- writing reports and sales literature
Jobs are advertised via the internet, by careers services and recruitment agencies, and in newspapers and relevant publications such as TARGETjobs IT & Technology, IS Opportunities, Computing and Computer Weekly. It is also worth attending on-campus presentations given by IT and technology employers and applying early for advertised positions during the first term of your final year at university.
Qualifications and training requiredAlthough a degree in any subject is acceptable for entry into the profession, employers normally prefer graduates with relevant qualifications in computer science/engineering, physics, electronic engineering, mathematics and software engineering. For graduates without relevant qualifications and/or experience, a postgraduate IT qualification can be of benefit.
Relevant experience gained in any commercial/sales area involving contact with customers or the general public is advantageous.
Key skills for computer sales supportStrong technical, organisational, communication and sales skills are essential. Potential recruits should possess commercial awareness and excellent interpersonal skills. All candidates must be meticulous and logical in their work and capable of meeting high standards in programming aptitude tests.
Next: search graduate jobs and internships
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Network administrator: job description
Network administrators connect different devices together to form fast and efficient networks. They are responsible for maintaining the links and solving any problems that may occur with computer networks.
Size ranges from local area networks (LANs) linking a few PCs through a server in a small office, to wide area networks (WANs) connecting hundreds of workstations across several sites.
What does a network administrator do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training | Key skills
Typical requirements of the job include:
- Consulting with clients to specify system requirements and design solutions
- Budgeting for equipment and assembly costs
- Assembling new systems
- Maintaining existing software and hardware and upgrading any that have become obsolete
- Working in tandem with IT support personnel
- Providing network administration and support
- Publishers
- Software developers
- Government
- The financial industry
- Manufacturers
- Retailers
- Construction firms
Qualifications and training requiredNetwork administrators will need to understand how to connect devices to form a fast and efficient network. It helps if you have experience of networks running on specific network operating systems. There are a number of valuable qualifications such as Microsoft certified system engineer (MCSE) status or Cisco certified internetwork expert (CCIE).
Key skills for network administrators
- Patience
- Technical skills
- IT skills
- Interpersonal skills
- Enthusiasm
- Teamworking skills
- Initiative
- Commitment to quality
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Information technology/software trainers: job description
IT and software trainers teach desktop applications and software to a range of clients, from business people to the unemployed.
IT and software trainers may work for large private employers, universities or specialist IT training organisations.
What do IT and software trainers do? Typical employers | Qualifications and training | Key skills
Responsibilities of the job vary according to the type of employer and how it makes use of IT. Typical duties include:
- assessing individual/group training needs
- planning, preparing and researching lessons
- organising and promoting courses
- developing and delivering programmes of learning activities
- preparing teaching materials
- spending contact time with students on an individual or group basis
- invigilating examinations
- checking and assessing students' work and giving feedback
- liaising with other organisations and employers
- maintaining and upgrading computer software and hardware
- making use of new technology such as distance learning or video conferencing
- keeping personal IT skills and knowledge up to date
Typical employers of IT and software trainers
- Private, public and voluntary sector organisations
- Adult and further education colleges and universities
- Software houses
- Specialist IT training providers
Opportunities are advertised online, by careers services and recruitment agencies, in newspapers and professional journals includingComputing and Computing Weekly, as well as their online counterparts. Speculative applications are advisable. Further information is available in the TARGETjobs IT & Technology publication.
Qualifications and training requiredEmployers may prefer graduates with qualifications in computing, IT-related subjects, business studies and management. Previous relevant computing, software or training experience is normally essential, although personality and aptitude may be regarded as being equally important. Teaching and training qualifications can also be advantageous.
Candidates without a relevant degree may consider postgraduate study or gaining on of the many computing qualifications available, such as the European Computer Driving Licence or the Microsoft Office Specialist certification.
Key skills
- Excellent communication
- Administrative skills
- Management
- Organisation
- Analytical skills
- Technical skills